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Qu’est-ce qu’un objectif macro ?

Qu’est-ce qu’un objectif macro ?

Tu as déjà dû  voir sur différentes optiques le terme « macro » de graver sur le pourtour. Avec des prix allant du simple au triple… alors quand est-il vraiment ? vraie macro ou faux objectif macro ?

Le facteur de grossissement

Un vrai objectif macro

C’est un objectif qui est capable de reproduire sur le capteur du boitier une image en plein format. Ainsi un insecte, par exemple, de quelques millimètres prendra la totalité du capteur, soit 24 mm x 36 mm un pour un Full-Frame.
Ce sont de vrais objectifs macros ayant ce que l’on appelle un ration 1:1

Les faux objectifs macro

Tu as compris un objectif macro doit avoir un rapport de 1:1. Pour tout le reste, c’est de la proxi-photo. Les rapports de grossissement sont alors de 1:4 ou 1 2. Ce qui est déjà pas mal mais il sera impossible de s’approcher autant du sujet qu’avec un vrai macro.

Cristaux de glace

 

Les différents objectifs

  • Il existe différents objectifs : des focales fixes et des zooms.
    Les fixes sont souvent des objectifs autour de 100 mm. Cependant certains constructeurs ont des 180 mm ou 200 mm en macro. Le gros avantage des locals fixe et qu’ils produisent des images hypers « croustillantes « avec un piqué fantastiques. Ce sont aussi des optiques légères et très maniables.
  • Certains zooms ont une position macro comme le 70-300mm. Malheureusement il n’existe pas de zoom offrant une vraie fonction macro. L’autre point à considérer est la qualité qui est moins bonne que celle produite par un véritable objectif macro. Les zooms sont un compromis entre la polyvalence et la qualité. La formule optique bien que sophistiquée ne peut pas rivaliser avec la formule optique d’une focale fixe.

Que dois-je choisir ?

Maintenant que tu connais les différences entre les fixes et les zooms, reste à parler des  modèles de zooms.

  • Un macro « court » autour des 50 mm est parfait pour des shoots occasionnels. Mais je trouve que l’on est vite bridé avec ce type d’objectif. Je ne vous recommande pas ce type de macro.
  • Un macro « standard » autour des 100 mm est parfait pour des photos de fleurs, de papillons est certains insectes qui ne sont pas trop « peureux ». C ‘est l’objectif que je vous recommande .Il passe partout. De plus rien ne vous empêche de l’utiliser en portraits, en paysage.
  • Un macro « long » entre 150 mm et 200 mm. Ce sont les objectifs macros idéals pour tous les insectes. Même les plus peureux. La distance de mise au point est suffisamment loin pour ne pas faire fuir les libellules par exemple tout en ayant un cadrage 1:1. Ce sont des objectifs assez spécialisés et il est difficile de s’en servir sortie de cet usage.

 

Détail d'une fleur

La mise au point.

Bien que les boitiers soient devenus performant, la mise au point en macro est toujours délicate. A pleine ouverture, avec le 100 mm et au grossissent maximum, la profondeur de champ est inférieure au millimètre. Il faut donc éviter tout flou de bouger du sujet et ne pas trembler. Il est quasi impossible de photographier quand il y a du vent. Avec le facteur de grossissement, le moindre souffle se transforme en tempête dans le viseur. A pleine ouverture, il faut parfois débrayer l’autofocus et passer en manuel.

Par conclure

En macro, un nouveau monde s’ouvre à toi. Tu n’es pas obligé d’aller loin pour réaliser de superbes clichés . Il suffit d’aller dans son jardin ou pour les plus urbains d’entre nous, dans le parc à côté de chez soi et de regarder tranquillement autour de soi dans l’herbe, les buissons.

Jacinthe au 100 macro

Voici quelques exemples de macro dans cette galerie.

©Copyright 2021 @Laurent Martineau

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